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作者： eyas
版權(quán)所有：http://www.ey4s.org
中文版本出處：http://www.gamehigh.net/
轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)與作者聯(lián)系
Windows2000中有個(gè)工具taskmgr.exe就可以比較詳細(xì)的查看當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程信息，但是那是Windows GUI程序，有時(shí)候是不是覺(jué)得命令行下的東西更方便呢？其實(shí)已經(jīng)有不少命令行下的枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程的工具了，M$的Resource Kit中好象也有，但去了解他們是怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)的，自己動(dòng)手做出來(lái)，是不是更有意思呢：）
進(jìn)程通常被定義為一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的程序的實(shí)例，它由兩部分組成：
<1>操作系統(tǒng)用來(lái)管理進(jìn)程的內(nèi)核對(duì)象。內(nèi)核對(duì)象也是系統(tǒng)用來(lái)存放關(guān)于進(jìn)程的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的地方。
<2>地址空間。它包含所有可執(zhí)行模塊或DLL模塊的代碼和數(shù)據(jù)。它還包含動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配的空間，如線程的堆棧和堆分配空間。
枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法大概有四種，其中有一種可以用來(lái)枚舉遠(yuǎn)程N(yùn)T系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程，前提是有遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的管理員權(quán)限。
<<第一部分：調(diào)用PSAPI函數(shù)枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程>>
M$的Windows NT開(kāi)發(fā)小組開(kāi)發(fā)了自己Process Status函數(shù)，包含在PSAPI.DLL文件中,這些函數(shù)只能在高于NT4.0以后的版本中使用。PSAPI一共有14個(gè)函數(shù)[實(shí)際PSAPI.DLL輸出函數(shù)有19個(gè)，但其中有5個(gè)函數(shù)有兩個(gè)版本，分別是ANSI和Unicode版本]，通過(guò)調(diào)用這些函數(shù)，我們可以很方便的取得系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程的所有信息，例如進(jìn)程名、進(jìn)程ID、父進(jìn)程ID、進(jìn)程優(yōu)先級(jí)、映射到進(jìn)程空間的模塊列表等等。為了方便起見(jiàn)，以下的例子程序只獲取進(jìn)程的名字和ID。
簡(jiǎn)單的程序如下：
/*************************************************************************
Module:ps.c
說(shuō)明：調(diào)用PSAPI函數(shù)枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程名和ID，Only for NT/2000
*************************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include "psapi.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"psapi.lib")
void PrintProcessNameAndID( DWORD processID )
{
char szProcessName[MAX_PATH] = "unknown";
//取得進(jìn)程的句柄
HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess( PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION |
PROCESS_VM_READ,
FALSE, processID );
//取得進(jìn)程名稱(chēng)
if ( hProcess )
{
HMODULE hMod;
DWORD cbNeeded;
if ( EnumProcessModules( hProcess, &hMod, sizeof(hMod), &cbNeeded) )
GetModuleBaseName( hProcess, hMod, szProcessName,
sizeof(szProcessName) );
}
//回顯進(jìn)程名稱(chēng)和ID
printf( "\n%-20s%-20d", szProcessName, processID );
CloseHandle( hProcess );
}
void main( )
{
DWORD aProcesses[1024], cbNeeded, cProcesses;
unsigned int i;
//枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程ID列表
if ( !EnumProcesses( aProcesses, sizeof(aProcesses), &cbNeeded ) )
return;
// Calculate how many process identifiers were returned.
//計(jì)算進(jìn)程數(shù)量
cProcesses = cbNeeded / sizeof(DWORD);
// 輸出每個(gè)進(jìn)程的名稱(chēng)和ID
for ( i = 0; i < cProcesses; i++ )
PrintProcessNameAndID( aProcesses[i] );
return;
}
<<第二部分：調(diào)用ToolHelp API枚舉本地系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程>>
在第一部分提到的PSAPI函數(shù)只能枚舉NT系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程，在Windows9x環(huán)境下我們可以通過(guò)調(diào)用ToolHelp API函數(shù)來(lái)達(dá)到枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程的目的。M$的Windows NT開(kāi)發(fā)小組因?yàn)椴幌矚gToolHelp函數(shù)，所以沒(méi)有將這些函數(shù)添加給Windows NT，所以他們開(kāi)發(fā)了自己的Process Status函數(shù)，就是第一部分提到的PSAPI了。但是后來(lái)M$已經(jīng)將ToolHelp函數(shù)添加給了Windows 2000。ToolHelp共有12個(gè)函數(shù)，通過(guò)調(diào)用這些函數(shù)可以方面的取得本地系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程的詳細(xì)信息，以下這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子只調(diào)用了三個(gè)函數(shù)，獲取我們所需要系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程名字和進(jìn)程ID。程序如下：
/**********************************************************************
Module:ps.c
說(shuō)明：調(diào)用ToolHelp函數(shù)枚舉本地系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程名和ID，Only for 9x/2000
**********************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
HANDLE hProcessSnap = NULL;
PROCESSENTRY32 pe32 = {0};
hProcessSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
if (hProcessSnap == (HANDLE)-1)
{
printf("\nCreateToolhelp32Snapshot() failed:%d",GetLastError());
return 1;
}
pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
printf("\nProcessName ProcessID");
if (Process32First(hProcessSnap, &pe32))
{
do
{
printf("\n%-20s%d",pe32.szExeFile,pe32.th32ProcessID);
}while (Process32Next(hProcessSnap, &pe32));
}
else
{
printf("\nProcess32Firstt() failed:%d",GetLastError());
}
CloseHandle (hProcessSnap);
return 0;
}
<<第三部分：調(diào)用NTDLL.DLL中未公開(kāi)API枚舉本地系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程>>
第一部分和第二部分說(shuō)的是調(diào)用MS公開(kāi)的API來(lái)枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程，在NTDLL.DLL中其實(shí)有一個(gè)未公開(kāi)API，也可以用來(lái)枚舉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程。此方法是從別處看來(lái)的，我可沒(méi)這本事自己發(fā)現(xiàn)哦，出處記不清楚了，好像是pwdump2 中的源代碼中的一部分吧。
OK!那個(gè)未公開(kāi)API就是NtQuerySystemInformation，使用方法如下：
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include
#include
#include
typedef unsigned long NTSTATUS;
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned long ULONG;
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
typedef long LONG;
typedef __int64 LONGLONG;
typedef struct {
USHORT Length;
USHORT MaxLen;
USHORT *Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING;
struct process_info {
ULONG NextEntryDelta;
ULONG ThreadCount;
ULONG Reserved1[6];
LARGE_INTEGER CreateTime;
LARGE_INTEGER UserTime;
LARGE_INTEGER KernelTime;
UNICODE_STRING ProcessName;
ULONG BasePriority;
ULONG ProcessId;
};
typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *NtQuerySystemInformation1)(
IN ULONG SysInfoClass,
IN OUT PVOID SystemInformation,
IN ULONG SystemInformationLength,
OUT PULONG RetLen
);
int main()
{
HINSTANCE hNtDll;
NtQuerySystemInformation1 NtQuerySystemInformation;
NTSTATUS rc;
ULONG ulNeed = 0;
void *buf = NULL;
size_t len = 0;
struct process_info *p ;
int done;
hNtDll = LoadLibrary ("NTDLL");
if (!hNtDll)
return 0;
NtQuerySystemInformation = (NtQuerySystemInformation1)GetProcAddress (hNtDll,
"NtQuerySystemInformation");
if (!NtQuerySystemInformation)
return 0;
do {
len += 0x1000;
buf = realloc (buf, len);
if (!buf)
return 0;
rc = NtQuerySystemInformation (5, buf, len, &ulNeed);
} while (rc == 0xc0000004); // STATUS_INFO_LEN_MISMATCH
if (rc <0) {
free (buf);
return 0;
}
printf("\nProcessName ProcessID");
p = (struct process_info *)buf;
done = 0;
while (!done) {
if ((p->ProcessName.Buffer != 0))
{
printf("\n%-20S%d",p->ProcessName.Buffer,p->ProcessId);
}
done = p->NextEntryDelta == 0;
p = (struct process_info *)(((char *)p) + p->NextEntryDelta);
}
free (buf);
FreeLibrary (hNtDll);
return 0;
}
<<第四部分：從PDH中取得本地/遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程信息>>
前面說(shuō)的三種方法都只能枚舉本地的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程，如何枚舉遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程呢？目前我只知道從PDH中取得進(jìn)程信息。
OK!我先簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)說(shuō)PDH是什么東西，hoho~難的偶也不會(huì)。PDH是英文Performance Data Helper的縮寫(xiě)，Windows NT一直在更新這個(gè)稱(chēng)為Performance Data的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含了大量的信息，例如CPU使用率，內(nèi)存使用率，系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程信息等等一大堆有用的信息，可以通過(guò)注冊(cè)表函數(shù)來(lái)訪問(wèn)。注意哦，Windows 9x中并沒(méi)有配置這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。但是，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的信息布局很復(fù)雜，很多人并不愿意使用它，包括我。而且剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，它也沒(méi)有自己特定的函數(shù)，只能通過(guò)現(xiàn)有的注冊(cè)表函數(shù)來(lái)操作。后來(lái)，為了使該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的使用變得容易，MS開(kāi)發(fā)了一組Performance Data Helper函數(shù)，包含在PDH.DLL文件中。
Windows 2000默認(rèn)是允許遠(yuǎn)程注冊(cè)表操作的，所以我們就可以通過(guò)連接遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的注冊(cè)表，從它的PDH中取得我們所需要的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程信息了，當(dāng)然這需要遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的Admin權(quán)限。
OK!我們下面所舉的例子是直接利用注冊(cè)表函數(shù)來(lái)從本地/遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的PDH數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中取得我們所需要的數(shù)據(jù)的，我們并沒(méi)有利用PDH API。
程序代碼如下：
/**************************************************************************
Module:ps.c
Author:mikeblas@nwlink.com
Modify:ey4s
Http://www.ey4s.org
Date:2001/6/23
**************************************************************************/
#include
#include
#include
#define INITIAL_SIZE 51200
#define EXTEND_SIZE 12800
#define REGKEY_PERF "software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\perflib"
#define REGSUBKEY_COUNTERS "Counters"
#define PROCESS_COUNTER "process"
#define PROCESSID_COUNTER "id process"
#define UNKNOWN_TASK "unknown"
#define MaxProcessNum 52//最大進(jìn)程數(shù)量
#pragma comment(lib,"mpr.lib")
typedef struct ProcessInfo
{
char ProcessName[128];
DWORD dwProcessID;
}pi;
void banner();
int ConnIPC(char *,char *,char *);
DWORD GetProcessInfo(pi *,char *,char *,char *);
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int i,iRet;
pi TaskList[MaxProcessNum];
banner();
if(argc==1)
{
iRet=GetProcessInfo(TaskList,NULL,NULL,NULL);
printf("\nProcess Info for [LOCAL]:");
}
else if(argc==4)
{
iRet=GetProcessInfo(TaskList,argv[1],argv[2],argv[3]);
printf("\nProcess Info for [%s]:",argv[1]);
}
else
{
printf("\nUsage:%s ",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
if(iRet>0)
for(i=0,printf("\nProcessName ProcessID");
i
printf("\n%-20s %d",TaskList[i].ProcessName,TaskList[i].dwProcessID),i++);
return 0;
}
DWORD GetProcessInfo(pi *ProList,char *ip,char *user,char *pass)
{
DWORD rc,dwType,dwSize,i,dwProcessIdTitle,dwProcessIdCounter,dwRet=-1;
HKEY hKeyNames;
LPSTR buf = NULL,p,p2;
CHAR szSubKey[1024],szProcessName[MAX_PATH];
PPERF_DATA_BLOCK pPerf;
PPERF_OBJECT_TYPE pObj;
PPERF_INSTANCE_DEFINITION pInst;
PPERF_COUNTER_BLOCK pCounter;
PPERF_COUNTER_DEFINITION pCounterDef;
HKEY ghPerfKey =NULL, // get perf data from this key
ghMachineKey = NULL; // get title index from this key
BOOL bRemote=FALSE;
// Look for the list of counters. Always use the neutral
// English version, regardless of the local language. We
// are looking for some particular keys, and we are always
// going to do our looking in English. We are not going
// to show the user the counter names, so there is no need
// to go find the corresponding name in the local language.
__try
{
if((ip)&&(user)&&(pass))
{
if(ConnIPC(ip,user,pass)!=0)
{
printf("\nConnect to %s failed.",ip);
__leave;
}
else
bRemote=TRUE;
}
//連接本地or遠(yuǎn)程注冊(cè)表
if(RegConnectRegistry(ip,HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA,
&ghPerfKey)!=ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
printf("\nRegConnectRegistry() 1 failed:%d",GetLastError());
__leave;
}
` if(RegConnectRegistry(ip,HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,&ghMachineKey)!=ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
printf("\nRegConnectRegistry() 2 failed:%d",GetLastError());
__leave;
}
sprintf( szSubKey, "%s\\%03x", REGKEY_PERF,MAKELANGID( LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_NEUTRAL));
if(RegOpenKeyEx(ghMachineKey,szSubKey,0,KEY_READ,&hKeyNames)!=ERROR_SUCCESS)
__leave;
// 從counter names取得需要的緩沖區(qū)大小
if(RegQueryValueEx(hKeyNames,REGSUBKEY_COUNTERS,NULL,&dwType,NULL,&dwSize)!= ERROR_SUCCESS)
__leave;
//分配內(nèi)存
buf = (LPSTR) malloc( dwSize );
if (buf == NULL)
__leave;
memset( buf, 0, dwSize );
// read the counter names from the registry
if(RegQueryValueEx(ghPerfKey,REGSUBKEY_COUNTERS,NULL,&dwType,(LPBYTE) buf,&dwSize)!= ERROR_SUCCESS)
__leave;
// now loop thru the counter names looking for the following counters:
// 1. "Process" process name
// 2. "ID Process" process id
// the buffer contains multiple null terminated strings and then
// finally null terminated at the end. the strings are in pairs of
// counter number and counter name.
p = buf;
while (*p)
{
if (p>buf)
for( p2=p-2; isdigit(*p2); p2--) ;
if (stricmp(p, PROCESS_COUNTER) == 0)
{
// look backwards for the counter number
for( p2=p-2; isdigit(*p2); p2--) ;
strcpy( szSubKey, p2+1 );
}
else if (stricmp(p, PROCESSID_COUNTER) == 0)
{
// look backwards for the counter number
for( p2=p-2; isdigit(*p2); p2--) ;
dwProcessIdTitle = atol( p2+1 );
}
// next string
p += (strlen(p) + 1);
}
// free the counter names buffer
free( buf );
// allocate the initial buffer for the performance data
dwSize = INITIAL_SIZE;
buf = (LPSTR) malloc( dwSize );
while (TRUE)
{
if (buf == NULL)
__leave;
memset( buf, 0, dwSize );
rc=RegQueryValueEx(ghPerfKey,szSubKey,NULL,&dwType,(LPBYTE) buf,&dwSize);
pPerf = (PPERF_DATA_BLOCK) buf;
// check for success and valid perf data block signature
if ((rc == ERROR_SUCCESS) &&
(dwSize > 0) &&
(pPerf)->Signature[0] == (WCHAR)'P' &&
(pPerf)->Signature[1] == (WCHAR)'E' &&
(pPerf)->Signature[2] == (WCHAR)'R' &&
(pPerf)->Signature[3] == (WCHAR)'F' )
break;
// if buffer is not big enough, reallocate and try again
if (rc == ERROR_MORE_DATA)
{
dwSize += EXTEND_SIZE;
buf = (LPSTR) realloc( buf, dwSize );
}
else __leave;
}
// set the perf_object_type pointer
pObj = (PPERF_OBJECT_TYPE) ((DWORD)pPerf + pPerf->HeaderLength);
//loop thru the performance counter definition records looking
//for the process id counter and then save its offset
pCounterDef = (PPERF_COUNTER_DEFINITION) ((DWORD)pObj + pObj->HeaderLength);
for (i=0; i<(DWORD)pObj->NumCounters; i++)
{
if (pCounterDef->CounterNameTitleIndex == dwProcessIdTitle)
{
dwProcessIdCounter = pCounterDef->CounterOffset;
break;
}
pCounterDef++;
}
pInst = (PPERF_INSTANCE_DEFINITION) ((DWORD)pObj + pObj->DefinitionLength);
// loop thru the performance instance data extracting each process name
// and process id
for (i=0; i < (DWORD)pObj->NumInstances-1 && i
{
// pointer to the process name
p = (LPSTR) ((DWORD)pInst + pInst->NameOffset);
// convert it to ascii
rc = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP,0,(LPCWSTR)p,-1,szProcessName,sizeof(szProcessName),NULL,NULL);
// if we cant convert the string then use a default value
if (!rc) strcpy( ProList[i].ProcessName, UNKNOWN_TASK );
else strncpy(ProList[i].ProcessName, szProcessName,sizeof(ProList[i].ProcessName)-1);
// get the process id
pCounter = (PPERF_COUNTER_BLOCK) ((DWORD)pInst + pInst->ByteLength);
ProList[i].dwProcessID = *((LPDWORD) ((DWORD)pCounter + dwProcessIdCounter));
// next process
pInst = (PPERF_INSTANCE_DEFINITION) ((DWORD)pCounter + pCounter->ByteLength);
}
dwRet=i;
}//end of try
__finally
{
if (buf) free( buf );
RegCloseKey( hKeyNames );
RegCloseKey( HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA );
if(bRemote)
{
char tmp[52],tmp2[96];
strncpy(tmp,ip,sizeof(tmp)-1);
wsprintf(tmp2,"\\\\%s\\ipc$",tmp);
WNetCancelConnection2(tmp2,CONNECT_UPDATE_PROFILE,TRUE);
}
}
return dwRet;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int ConnIPC(char *RemoteName,char *User,char *Pass)
{
NETRESOURCE nr;
char RN[50]="\\\\";
strncat(RN,RemoteName,sizeof(RN)-11);
strcat(RN,"\\ipc$");
nr.dwType=RESOURCETYPE_ANY;
nr.lpLocalName=NULL;
nr.lpRemoteName=RN;
nr.lpProvider=NULL;
if(WNetAddConnection2(&nr,Pass,User,FALSE)==NO_ERROR)
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void banner()
{
printf("\nPsList ==>Local and Remote process list"
"\nPower by ey4s"
"\nhttp://www.ey4s.org"
"\n2001/6/22\n");
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
程序在Windows2000、VC++6.0環(huán)境下編譯，運(yùn)行良好。注意哦，遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器要允許IPC連接和遠(yuǎn)程操作注冊(cè)表才可以哦，并且需要Admin權(quán)限.
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